了解患心脏病的风险
Risk factors are conditions that increase your risk of developing a disease. 风险因素要么是可以改变的, 这意味着你可以采取措施来改变它们, 或不可修改, 也就是说它们不能被改变.
风险因素 心脏病 下面将讨论.
不可改变的风险因素
年龄
根据美国心脏协会的计算, about 80 percent of people who die from cardiovascular disease are 65 years 和 older. 年龄本身就会增加患心脏病的风险.
性别
Heart disease has long been considered to be primarily a men's disease. Although women tend to develop cardiovascular disease about 10 years later in life than men, 女性的结果往往更糟.
阅读更多关于 妇女与心脏病.
家族病史
Your risk for developing 心脏病 increases if you have a relative who developed 心脏病 early, 55岁以前. 如果你r parents developed 心脏病 later in life, it may be age-related rather than genetic. 而你不能改变你的基因, it is important to know your family medical history 和 share it with your doctor.
比赛
African-Americans are at great risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
可改变的风险因素
高血压
Blood pressure is recorded as two numbers with a ratio, like this: 120/80 mmHg. 最上面的数字, 叫做收缩压, 测量心脏跳动时动脉的压力. 较低的数字, 叫做舒张压, 测量心跳之间的动脉压力.
高血压 is defined as over 140/90 on at least two separate occasions on separate days. Blood pressure should be measured at each doctor's office visit starting at 18 years of age, 但至少每两年一次. 目标血压为120/80 mmHg,与年龄无关.
许多人患有多年的高血压. If left untreated, it can lead to coronary 心脏病, heart attack or 中风.
Until age 45, a higher percentage of men than women have high blood pressure. 从45岁到64岁,这一比例相似. After that, a much higher percentage of women than men have high blood pressure.
血压分类 | 收缩压(mmHg) | 舒张压(mmHg) | |
正常的 | < /> | 和 | < /> |
吗 | 120–139 | or | 80–89 |
第一阶段高血压 | 140–159 | or | 90–99 |
第二阶段高血压 | >160 | or | >100 |
50岁以上人士适用, systolic blood pressure is more important than diastolic blood pressure as a cardiovascular disease risk factor. 从115/75毫米汞柱开始, cardiovascular disease risk doubles with each increment of 20/10 mmHg throughout the blood pressure range.
收缩压在120到139毫米汞柱之间的人, 或舒张压80 - 89毫米汞柱, 应该考虑高血压前期吗. They will need to make healthy lifestyle changes to prevent cardiovascular disease.
吸烟
吸烟 最可预防的风险因素是什么. Smokers have more than twice the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. On average, smoking costs 13 years of life to a male smoker 和 14 years to a female smoker. Exposure to smoke — secondh和 smoking — increases the risk even for non-smokers.
胆固醇
胆固醇档案包括低密度脂蛋白(坏)胆固醇, 高密度脂蛋白(有益)胆固醇, 甘油三酯和总胆固醇.
- 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (low density lipoprotein) contributes to artery blockages (plaques). Most people should aim for an 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 level of 100 mg/dL or lower. 如果你 are at very high risk for developing cardiovascular disease, 或者如果你已经心脏病发作了, 你可能需要将低密度脂蛋白水平控制在70毫克/分升以下.
- 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (high density lipoprotein) is a reverse-transport protein; it removes cholesterol from the arteries 和 takes it to the liver where it can be passed out of the body. High levels of 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 lower your risk of developing cardiovascular disease. An HDL level of 60 mg/dL 和 over is considered excellent, providing you optimal protection.
- 甘油三酸酯 甘油三酯是体内最常见的脂肪. Many people who have 心脏病 or diabetes have high triglyceride levels. 正常的甘油三酯水平低于150毫克/分升.
- 总胆固醇 总胆固醇 is a measure of 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇, 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 和 other lipids. 理想的总胆固醇水平是低于200毫克/分升.
糖尿病
糖尿病 is defined as a fasting blood glucose (blood sugar) of 125 mg/dL or more. 糖尿病 increases your risk for developing cardiovascular disease.
糖尿病主要有两种类型. Type 1 diabetes is usually first diagnosed in children 和 young adults. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form 和 can develop at any age.
如果你有糖尿病, 不管是哪种类型, 这意味着你血液中的葡萄糖含量过高, 哪些会导致严重的健康问题. 糖尿病 和 心脏病 share similar risk factors — high cholesterol level, 高血压和 肥胖.
糖尿病前期
People with a fasting blood glucose level between 100 mg/dL 和 125 mg/dL have an increased risk for developing Type 2 diabetes. 如果他们不改变生活方式, 他们很可能在未来10年内患上糖尿病.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only 和 is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.