妊娠糖尿病的饮食建议
在怀孕期间诊断出的糖尿病被称为 妊娠期糖尿病. 妊娠期糖尿病发生率约为7%. It usually arises in the second half of pregnancy and goes away as soon as the baby is born. 然而, if 妊娠期糖尿病 is not treated, you may experience complications.
The first step in treating 妊娠期糖尿病 is to modify your diet to help keep your blood sugar level in the normal range, 同时保持健康饮食. Most women with well-controlled blood sugar deliver healthy babies without any complications.
One way of keeping your blood sugar levels in normal range is by monitoring the amount of carbohydrates in your diet. Carbohydrate foods digest and turn into blood glucose (a type of sugar). Glucose in the blood is necessary because it is the fuel for your body and nourishment your baby receives from you. 然而,保持血糖水平在目标范围内是很重要的.
食物中的碳水化合物
碳水化合物存在于以下食物中:
- 牛奶和酸奶
- 水果和果汁
- 大米、谷物、谷类和面食
- 面包、玉米饼、薄脆饼干、百吉饼和卷饼
- 干豆,豌豆和小扁豆
- 土豆,玉米,山药,豌豆和冬瓜
糖果和甜点, 比如糖, 蜂蜜, 糖浆, 糕点, 饼干, 苏打水和糖果通常也含有大量的碳水化合物.
食物中的碳水化合物以克为单位来衡量. You can count how many carbohydrates are in foods by reading food labels and learning the exchange lists. The two most important pieces of information on food labels for a carbohydrate-controlled diet is the serving size and grams of total carbohydrate in each serving.
饮食建议
It is important to be meet with a registered dietitian to have your diet assessed. The dietitian will calculate the amount of carbohydrates that you need at meals and snacks. 您还将学习如何计算碳水化合物.
The following are dietary recommendations that will help you maintain safe blood sugar levels:
Distribute your foods between three meals and two or three snacks each day
Eating too much at one time can cause your blood sugar to rise too much. 不要不吃饭是非常重要的. During pregnancy, you have increased nutritional needs and your baby requires balanced nutrition.
吃适量的淀粉
Starchy foods eventually turn into glucose so it's important not to be excessive. 然而,每餐都应该包括淀粉. A reasonable portion is about one cup of total starch per meal, or two pieces of bread.
一次只喝一杯牛奶
牛奶是一种健康食品,也是钙的重要来源. 然而, milk is a liquid form of carbohydrate and drinking too much at one time can raise your blood sugar.
限制水果的份量
水果是一种健康食品,但它的天然糖含量很高. You may eat one to three portions of fruit per day, but only eat one at a time. 一份水果是指一小块水果, 半个大的水果, 或者半杯混合水果. 不要吃罐装的糖浆水果.
早餐很重要
Blood sugar can be difficult to control in the morning because of normal fluctuations in hormone levels.
Refined cereals, fruits and even milk may not be well tolerated in your morning meal. If your post-breakfast blood sugar level increases too much after having these foods, 那你不应该把它们当早餐吃. A breakfast that consists of starch plus protein is usually tolerated the best.
不要喝果汁
一杯果汁需要好几个水果. 果汁是碳水化合物的浓缩来源. 因为它是液体,果汁可以迅速提高血糖.
严格限制甜食和甜点
Cakes, 饼干, candies and 糕点 tend to have excessive amounts of carbohydrate. These foods often contain large amounts of fat and offer very little in terms of nutrition. Additionally, avoid all regular sodas and sugar-sweetened beverages.
远离添加糖
不要在食物中添加糖、蜂蜜或糖浆.
使用人造甜味剂代替添加糖
The following sweeteners have been approved as safe to eat during pregnancy:
- 阿斯巴甜,包括Equal, nutrassweet, Natra Taste
- 安赛蜜胺K,其中包括苏尼特
- 三氯蔗糖,其中包括Splenda
当一种产品说它是“无糖”时,仔细看看
含有糖醇的产品通常被标记为“无糖”," but they may still contain significant amounts of total carbohydrate. Look at the food label to see the grams of total carbohydrate contained.
糖醇可能有通便作用或引起胀气. 以下是糖醇的例子:
- 甘露醇
- 麦芽糖醇
- Sorbital
- 木糖醇
- 益寿糖
- 氢化淀粉水解物
Some products labeled "sugar-free" are indeed carbohydrate-free and will not affect your blood sugar, 包括无糖汽水和无糖果冻.
做好食物记录
Be sure to record all of the foods and the amount that you eat each day, 哪种方法可以帮助你控制碳水化合物的摄入量. 此外,尽可能使用量杯以确保准确性.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.